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<h1 id="overview"><a class="header" href="#overview">Overview</a></h1>
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<p>This document explains how to enable VoIP relaying on your Home Server with
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TURN.</p>
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<p>The synapse Matrix Home Server supports integration with TURN server via the
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<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-uberti-behave-turn-rest-00">TURN server REST API</a>. This
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allows the Home Server to generate credentials that are valid for use on the
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TURN server through the use of a secret shared between the Home Server and the
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TURN server.</p>
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<p>The following sections describe how to install <a href="https://github.com/coturn/coturn">coturn</a> (which implements the TURN REST API) and integrate it with synapse.</p>
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<h2 id="requirements"><a class="header" href="#requirements">Requirements</a></h2>
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<p>For TURN relaying with <code>coturn</code> to work, it must be hosted on a server/endpoint with a public IP.</p>
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<p>Hosting TURN behind a NAT (even with appropriate port forwarding) is known to cause issues
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and to often not work.</p>
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<h2 id="coturn-setup"><a class="header" href="#coturn-setup"><code>coturn</code> setup</a></h2>
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<h3 id="initial-installation"><a class="header" href="#initial-installation">Initial installation</a></h3>
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<p>The TURN daemon <code>coturn</code> is available from a variety of sources such as native package managers, or installation from source.</p>
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<h4 id="debian-installation"><a class="header" href="#debian-installation">Debian installation</a></h4>
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<p>Just install the debian package:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">apt install coturn
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</code></pre>
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<p>This will install and start a systemd service called <code>coturn</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="source-installation"><a class="header" href="#source-installation">Source installation</a></h4>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>Download the <a href="https://github.com/coturn/coturn/releases/latest">latest release</a> from github. Unpack it and <code>cd</code> into the directory.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Configure it:</p>
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<pre><code>./configure
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</code></pre>
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<p>You may need to install <code>libevent2</code>: if so, you should do so in
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the way recommended by your operating system. You can ignore
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warnings about lack of database support: a database is unnecessary
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for this purpose.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Build and install it:</p>
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<pre><code>make
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make install
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<h3 id="configuration"><a class="header" href="#configuration">Configuration</a></h3>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>Create or edit the config file in <code>/etc/turnserver.conf</code>. The relevant
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lines, with example values, are:</p>
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<pre><code>use-auth-secret
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static-auth-secret=[your secret key here]
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realm=turn.myserver.org
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</code></pre>
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<p>See <code>turnserver.conf</code> for explanations of the options. One way to generate
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the <code>static-auth-secret</code> is with <code>pwgen</code>:</p>
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<pre><code>pwgen -s 64 1
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</code></pre>
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<p>A <code>realm</code> must be specified, but its value is somewhat arbitrary. (It is
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sent to clients as part of the authentication flow.) It is conventional to
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set it to be your server name.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>You will most likely want to configure coturn to write logs somewhere. The
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easiest way is normally to send them to the syslog:</p>
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<pre><code>syslog
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</code></pre>
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<p>(in which case, the logs will be available via <code>journalctl -u coturn</code> on a
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systemd system). Alternatively, coturn can be configured to write to a
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logfile - check the example config file supplied with coturn.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Consider your security settings. TURN lets users request a relay which will
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connect to arbitrary IP addresses and ports. The following configuration is
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suggested as a minimum starting point:</p>
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<pre><code># VoIP traffic is all UDP. There is no reason to let users connect to arbitrary TCP endpoints via the relay.
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no-tcp-relay
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# don't let the relay ever try to connect to private IP address ranges within your network (if any)
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# given the turn server is likely behind your firewall, remember to include any privileged public IPs too.
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denied-peer-ip=10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
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denied-peer-ip=192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
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denied-peer-ip=172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
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# special case the turn server itself so that client->TURN->TURN->client flows work
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allowed-peer-ip=10.0.0.1
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# consider whether you want to limit the quota of relayed streams per user (or total) to avoid risk of DoS.
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user-quota=12 # 4 streams per video call, so 12 streams = 3 simultaneous relayed calls per user.
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total-quota=1200
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</code></pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Also consider supporting TLS/DTLS. To do this, add the following settings
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to <code>turnserver.conf</code>:</p>
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<pre><code># TLS certificates, including intermediate certs.
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# For Let's Encrypt certificates, use `fullchain.pem` here.
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cert=/path/to/fullchain.pem
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# TLS private key file
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pkey=/path/to/privkey.pem
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</code></pre>
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<p>In this case, replace the <code>turn:</code> schemes in the <code>turn_uri</code> settings below
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with <code>turns:</code>.</p>
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<p>We recommend that you only try to set up TLS/DTLS once you have set up a
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basic installation and got it working.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Ensure your firewall allows traffic into the TURN server on the ports
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you've configured it to listen on (By default: 3478 and 5349 for TURN
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traffic (remember to allow both TCP and UDP traffic), and ports 49152-65535
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for the UDP relay.)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>We do not recommend running a TURN server behind NAT, and are not aware of
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anyone doing so successfully.</p>
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<p>If you want to try it anyway, you will at least need to tell coturn its
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external IP address:</p>
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<pre><code>external-ip=192.88.99.1
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</code></pre>
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<p>... and your NAT gateway must forward all of the relayed ports directly
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(eg, port 56789 on the external IP must be always be forwarded to port
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56789 on the internal IP).</p>
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<p>If you get this working, let us know!</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>(Re)start the turn server:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If you used the Debian package (or have set up a systemd unit yourself):</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl restart coturn
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If you installed from source:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-sh">bin/turnserver -o
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<h2 id="synapse-setup"><a class="header" href="#synapse-setup">Synapse setup</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Your home server configuration file needs the following extra keys:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>"<code>turn_uris</code>": This needs to be a yaml list of public-facing URIs
|
|
for your TURN server to be given out to your clients. Add separate
|
|
entries for each transport your TURN server supports.</li>
|
|
<li>"<code>turn_shared_secret</code>": This is the secret shared between your
|
|
Home server and your TURN server, so you should set it to the same
|
|
string you used in turnserver.conf.</li>
|
|
<li>"<code>turn_user_lifetime</code>": This is the amount of time credentials
|
|
generated by your Home Server are valid for (in milliseconds).
|
|
Shorter times offer less potential for abuse at the expense of
|
|
increased traffic between web clients and your home server to
|
|
refresh credentials. The TURN REST API specification recommends
|
|
one day (86400000).</li>
|
|
<li>"<code>turn_allow_guests</code>": Whether to allow guest users to use the
|
|
TURN server. This is enabled by default, as otherwise VoIP will
|
|
not work reliably for guests. However, it does introduce a
|
|
security risk as it lets guests connect to arbitrary endpoints
|
|
without having gone through a CAPTCHA or similar to register a
|
|
real account.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>As an example, here is the relevant section of the config file for <code>matrix.org</code>. The
|
|
<code>turn_uris</code> are appropriate for TURN servers listening on the default ports, with no TLS.</p>
|
|
<pre><code>turn_uris: [ "turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=udp", "turn:turn.matrix.org?transport=tcp" ]
|
|
turn_shared_secret: "n0t4ctuAllymatr1Xd0TorgSshar3d5ecret4obvIousreAsons"
|
|
turn_user_lifetime: 86400000
|
|
turn_allow_guests: True
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>After updating the homeserver configuration, you must restart synapse:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>If you use synctl:
|
|
<pre><code class="language-sh">cd /where/you/run/synapse
|
|
./synctl restart
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>If you use systemd:
|
|
<pre><code>systemctl restart matrix-synapse.service
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>... and then reload any clients (or wait an hour for them to refresh their
|
|
settings).</p>
|
|
<h2 id="troubleshooting"><a class="header" href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The normal symptoms of a misconfigured TURN server are that calls between
|
|
devices on different networks ring, but get stuck at "call
|
|
connecting". Unfortunately, troubleshooting this can be tricky.</p>
|
|
<p>Here are a few things to try:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Check that your TURN server is not behind NAT. As above, we're not aware of
|
|
anyone who has successfully set this up.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow TCP and UDP traffic to the
|
|
TURN ports (normally 3478 and 5479).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Check that you have opened your firewall to allow UDP traffic to the UDP
|
|
relay ports (49152-65535 by default).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Some WebRTC implementations (notably, that of Google Chrome) appear to get
|
|
confused by TURN servers which are reachable over IPv6 (this appears to be
|
|
an unexpected side-effect of its handling of multiple IP addresses as
|
|
defined by
|
|
<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling-12"><code>draft-ietf-rtcweb-ip-handling</code></a>).</p>
|
|
<p>Try removing any AAAA records for your TURN server, so that it is only
|
|
reachable over IPv4.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Enable more verbose logging in coturn via the <code>verbose</code> setting:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>verbose
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>... and then see if there are any clues in its logs.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If you are using a browser-based client under Chrome, check
|
|
<code>chrome://webrtc-internals/</code> for insights into the internals of the
|
|
negotiation. On Firefox, check the "Connection Log" on <code>about:webrtc</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>(Understanding the output is beyond the scope of this document!)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>You can test your Matrix homeserver TURN setup with https://test.voip.librepush.net/.
|
|
Note that this test is not fully reliable yet, so don't be discouraged if
|
|
the test fails.
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/matrix-org/voip-tester">Here</a> is the github repo of the
|
|
source of the tester, where you can file bug reports.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>There is a WebRTC test tool at
|
|
https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/peerconnection/trickle-ice/. To
|
|
use it, you will need a username/password for your TURN server. You can
|
|
either:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>look for the <code>GET /_matrix/client/r0/voip/turnServer</code> request made by a
|
|
matrix client to your homeserver in your browser's network inspector. In
|
|
the response you should see <code>username</code> and <code>password</code>. Or:</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Use the following shell commands:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-sh">secret=staticAuthSecretHere
|
|
|
|
u=$((`date +%s` + 3600)):test
|
|
p=$(echo -n $u | openssl dgst -hmac $secret -sha1 -binary | base64)
|
|
echo -e "username: $u\npassword: $p"
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Or:</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Temporarily configure coturn to accept a static username/password. To do
|
|
this, comment out <code>use-auth-secret</code> and <code>static-auth-secret</code> and add the
|
|
following:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>lt-cred-mech
|
|
user=username:password
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p><strong>Note</strong>: these settings will not take effect unless <code>use-auth-secret</code>
|
|
and <code>static-auth-secret</code> are disabled.</p>
|
|
<p>Restart coturn after changing the configuration file.</p>
|
|
<p>Remember to restore the original settings to go back to testing with
|
|
Matrix clients!</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>If the TURN server is working correctly, you should see at least one <code>relay</code>
|
|
entry in the results.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
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