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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Introduction</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../welcome_and_overview.html">Welcome and Overview</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Setup</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../setup/installation.html">Installation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../postgres.html">Using Postgres</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../reverse_proxy.html">Configuring a Reverse Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../setup/forward_proxy.html">Configuring a Forward/Outbound Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../turn-howto.html">Configuring a Turn Server</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../setup/turn/coturn.html">coturn TURN server</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../setup/turn/eturnal.html">eturnal 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href="../../modules/account_data_callbacks.html">Account data callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../modules/add_extra_fields_to_client_events_unsigned.html">Add extra fields to client events unsigned section callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../modules/porting_legacy_module.html">Porting a legacy module to the new interface</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../workers.html">Workers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../synctl_workers.html">Using synctl with Workers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../systemd-with-workers/index.html">Systemd</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../usage/administration/index.html">Administration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../usage/administration/backups.html" class="active">Backups</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../usage/administration/admin_api/index.html">Admin API</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/account_validity.html">Account Validity</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../usage/administration/admin_api/background_updates.html">Background Updates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/event_reports.html">Event Reports</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/experimental_features.html">Experimental Features</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/media_admin_api.html">Media</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/purge_history_api.html">Purge History</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/register_api.html">Register Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../usage/administration/admin_api/registration_tokens.html">Registration Tokens</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/room_membership.html">Manipulate Room Membership</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/rooms.html">Rooms</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/server_notices.html">Server Notices</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/statistics.html">Statistics</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/user_admin_api.html">Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../admin_api/version_api.html">Server Version</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../usage/administration/admin_api/federation.html">Federation</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manhole.html">Manhole</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../metrics-howto.html">Monitoring</a></li><li><ol 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<h1 id="how-to-back-up-a-synapse-homeserver"><a class="header" href="#how-to-back-up-a-synapse-homeserver">How to back up a Synapse homeserver</a></h1>
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<p>It is critical to maintain good backups of your server, to guard against
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hardware failure as well as potential corruption due to bugs or administrator
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error.</p>
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<p>This page documents the things you will need to consider backing up as part of
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a Synapse installation.</p>
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<h2 id="configuration-files"><a class="header" href="#configuration-files">Configuration files</a></h2>
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<p>Keep a copy of your configuration file (<code>homeserver.yaml</code>), as well as any
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auxiliary config files it refers to such as the
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<a href="../configuration/config_documentation.html#log_config"><code>log_config</code></a> file,
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<a href="../configuration/config_documentation.html#app_service_config_files"><code>app_service_config_files</code></a>.
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Often, all such config files will be kept in a single directory such as
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<code>/etc/synapse</code>, which will make this easier.</p>
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<h2 id="server-signing-key"><a class="header" href="#server-signing-key">Server signing key</a></h2>
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<p>Your server has a <a href="../configuration/config_documentation.html#signing_key_path">signing
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key</a> which it uses
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to sign events and outgoing federation requests. It is easiest to back it up
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with your configuration files, but an alternative is to have Synapse create a
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new signing key if you have to restore.</p>
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<p>If you do decide to replace the signing key, you should add the old <em>public</em>
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key to
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<a href="../configuration/config_documentation.html#old_signing_keys"><code>old_signing_keys</code></a>.</p>
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<h2 id="database"><a class="header" href="#database">Database</a></h2>
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<p>Synapse's support for SQLite is only suitable for testing purposes, so for the
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purposes of this document, we'll assume you are using
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<a href="../../postgres.html">PostgreSQL</a>.</p>
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<p>A full discussion of backup strategies for PostgreSQL is out of scope for this
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document; see the <a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/backup.html">PostgreSQL
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documentation</a> for
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detailed information.</p>
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<h3 id="synapse-specfic-details"><a class="header" href="#synapse-specfic-details">Synapse-specfic details</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>Be very careful not to restore into a database that already has tables
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present. At best, this will error; at worst, it will lead to subtle database
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inconsistencies.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The <code>e2e_one_time_keys_json</code> table should <strong>not</strong> be backed up, or if it is
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backed up, should be
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<a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-truncate.html"><code>TRUNCATE</code>d</a>
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after restoring the database before Synapse is started.</p>
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<p>[Background: restoring the database to an older backup can cause
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used one-time-keys to be re-issued, causing subsequent <a href="https://github.com/element-hq/element-meta/issues/2155">message decryption
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errors</a>. Clearing
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all one-time-keys from the database ensures that this cannot happen, and
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will prompt clients to generate and upload new one-time-keys.]</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="quick-and-easy-database-backup-and-restore"><a class="header" href="#quick-and-easy-database-backup-and-restore">Quick and easy database backup and restore</a></h3>
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<p>Typically, the easiest solution is to use <code>pg_dump</code> to take a copy of the whole
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database. We recommend <code>pg_dump</code>'s custom dump format, as it produces
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significantly smaller backup files.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">sudo -u postgres pg_dump -Fc --exclude-table-data e2e_one_time_keys_json synapse > synapse.dump
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</code></pre>
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<p>There is no need to stop Postgres or Synapse while <code>pg_dump</code> is running: it
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will take a consistent snapshot of the databse.</p>
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<p>To restore, you will need to recreate the database as described in <a href="../../postgres.html#set-up-database">Using
|
|
Postgres</a>,
|
|
then load the dump into it with <code>pg_restore</code>:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-shell">sudo -u postgres createdb --encoding=UTF8 --locale=C --template=template0 --owner=synapse_user synapse
|
|
sudo -u postgres pg_restore -d synapse < synapse.dump
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>(If you forgot to exclude <code>e2e_one_time_keys_json</code> during <code>pg_dump</code>, remember
|
|
to connect to the new database and <code>TRUNCATE e2e_one_time_keys_json;</code> before
|
|
starting Synapse.)</p>
|
|
<p>To reiterate: do <strong>not</strong> restore a dump over an existing database.</p>
|
|
<p>Again, if you plan to run your homeserver at any sort of production level, we
|
|
recommend studying the PostgreSQL documentation on backup options.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="media-store"><a class="header" href="#media-store">Media store</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Synapse keeps a copy of media uploaded by users, including avatars and message
|
|
attachments, in its <a href="../configuration/config_documentation.html#media-store">Media
|
|
store</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>It is a directory on the local disk, containing the following directories:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>local_content</code>: this is content uploaded by your local users. As a general
|
|
rule, you should back this up: it may represent the only copy of those
|
|
media files anywhere in the federation, and if they are lost, users will
|
|
see errors when viewing user or room avatars, and messages with attachments.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>local_thumbnails</code>: "thumbnails" of images uploaded by your users. If
|
|
<a href="../configuration/config_documentation.html#dynamic_thumbnails"><code>dynamic_thumbnails</code></a>
|
|
is enabled, these will be regenerated if they are removed from the disk, and
|
|
there is therefore no need to back them up.</p>
|
|
<p>If <code>dynamic_thumbnails</code> is <em>not</em> enabled (the default): although this can
|
|
theoretically be regenerated from <code>local_content</code>, there is no tooling to do
|
|
so. We recommend that these are backed up too.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>remote_content</code>: this is a cache of content that was uploaded by a user on
|
|
another server, and has since been requested by a user on your own server.</p>
|
|
<p>Typically there is no need to back up this directory: if a file in this directory
|
|
is removed, Synapse will attempt to fetch it again from the remote
|
|
server.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>remote_thumbnails</code>: thumbnails of images uploaded by users on other
|
|
servers. As with <code>remote_content</code>, there is normally no need to back this
|
|
up.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>url_cache</code>, <code>url_cache_thumbnails</code>: temporary caches of files downloaded
|
|
by the <a href="../../setup/installation.html#url-previews">URL previews</a> feature.
|
|
These do not need to be backed up.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
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|
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