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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Introduction</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="welcome_and_overview.html">Welcome and Overview</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Setup</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="setup/installation.html">Installation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="postgres.html">Using Postgres</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="reverse_proxy.html">Configuring a Reverse Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="setup/forward_proxy.html">Configuring a Forward/Outbound Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="turn-howto.html">Configuring a Turn Server</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="delegate.html">Delegation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Upgrading</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="upgrade.html">Upgrading between Synapse Versions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Usage</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="federate.html" class="active">Federation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/homeserver_sample_config.html">Homeserver Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/logging_sample_config.html">Logging Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="structured_logging.html">Structured Logging</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="templates.html">Templates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/index.html">User Authentication</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a 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expanded "><a href="application_services.html">Application Services</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="server_notices.html">Server Notices</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="consent_tracking.html">Consent Tracking</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/url_previews.html">URL Previews</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="user_directory.html">User Directory</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="message_retention_policies.html">Message Retention Policies</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/index.html">Pluggable Modules</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/writing_a_module.html">Writing a module</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/spam_checker_callbacks.html">Spam checker callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/third_party_rules_callbacks.html">Third-party rules callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/presence_router_callbacks.html">Presence router callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/account_validity_callbacks.html">Account validity callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/password_auth_provider_callbacks.html">Password auth provider callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/background_update_controller_callbacks.html">Background update controller callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/porting_legacy_module.html">Porting a legacy module to the new interface</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="workers.html">Workers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="synctl_workers.html">Using synctl with Workers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a 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Repository</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="room_and_user_statistics.html">Room and User Statistics</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Scripts</div></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Other</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="deprecation_policy.html">Dependency Deprecation Policy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="other/running_synapse_on_single_board_computers.html">Running Synapse on a Single-Board Computer</a></li></ol>
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<h1 id="setting-up-federation"><a class="header" href="#setting-up-federation">Setting up federation</a></h1>
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<p>Federation is the process by which users on different servers can participate
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in the same room. For this to work, those other servers must be able to contact
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yours to send messages.</p>
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<p>The <code>server_name</code> configured in the Synapse configuration file (often
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<code>homeserver.yaml</code>) defines how resources (users, rooms, etc.) will be
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identified (eg: <code>@user:example.com</code>, <code>#room:example.com</code>). By default,
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it is also the domain that other servers will use to try to reach your
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server (via port 8448). This is easy to set up and will work provided
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you set the <code>server_name</code> to match your machine's public DNS hostname.</p>
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<p>For this default configuration to work, you will need to listen for TLS
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connections on port 8448. The preferred way to do that is by using a
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reverse proxy: see <a href="reverse_proxy.html">the reverse proxy documentation</a> for instructions
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on how to correctly set one up.</p>
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<p>In some cases you might not want to run Synapse on the machine that has
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the <code>server_name</code> as its public DNS hostname, or you might want federation
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traffic to use a different port than 8448. For example, you might want to
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have your user names look like <code>@user:example.com</code>, but you want to run
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Synapse on <code>synapse.example.com</code> on port 443. This can be done using
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delegation, which allows an admin to control where federation traffic should
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be sent. See <a href="delegate.html">the delegation documentation</a> for instructions on how to set this up.</p>
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<p>Once federation has been configured, you should be able to join a room over
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federation. A good place to start is <code>#synapse:matrix.org</code> - a room for
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Synapse admins.</p>
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<h2 id="troubleshooting"><a class="header" href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></h2>
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<p>You can use the <a href="https://matrix.org/federationtester">federation tester</a>
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to check if your homeserver is configured correctly. Alternatively try the
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<a href="https://matrix.org/federationtester/api/report?server_name=DOMAIN">JSON API used by the federation tester</a>.
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Note that you'll have to modify this URL to replace <code>DOMAIN</code> with your
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<code>server_name</code>. Hitting the API directly provides extra detail.</p>
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<p>The typical failure mode for federation is that when the server tries to join
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a room, it is rejected with "401: Unauthorized". Generally this means that other
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servers in the room could not access yours. (Joining a room over federation is
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a complicated dance which requires connections in both directions).</p>
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<p>Another common problem is that people on other servers can't join rooms that
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you invite them to. This can be caused by an incorrectly-configured reverse
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proxy: see <a href="reverse_proxy.html">the reverse proxy documentation</a> for instructions on how
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to correctly configure a reverse proxy.</p>
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<h3 id="known-issues"><a class="header" href="#known-issues">Known issues</a></h3>
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<p><strong>HTTP <code>308 Permanent Redirect</code> redirects are not followed</strong>: Due to missing features
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in the HTTP library used by Synapse, 308 redirects are currently not followed by
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federating servers, which can cause <code>M_UNKNOWN</code> or <code>401 Unauthorized</code> errors. This
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may affect users who are redirecting apex-to-www (e.g. <code>example.com</code> -> <code>www.example.com</code>),
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and especially users of the Kubernetes <em>Nginx Ingress</em> module, which uses 308 redirect
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codes by default. For those Kubernetes users, <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/52617528/5096871">this Stackoverflow post</a>
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might be helpful. For other users, switching to a <code>301 Moved Permanently</code> code may be
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an option. 308 redirect codes will be supported properly in a future
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release of Synapse.</p>
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<h2 id="running-a-demo-federation-of-synapses"><a class="header" href="#running-a-demo-federation-of-synapses">Running a demo federation of Synapses</a></h2>
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<p>If you want to get up and running quickly with a trio of homeservers in a
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private federation, there is a script in the <code>demo</code> directory. This is mainly
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useful just for development purposes. See
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<a href="https://matrix-org.github.io/synapse/develop/development/demo.html">demo scripts</a>.</p>
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