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66 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
66 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
Setting up federation
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=====================
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Federation is the process by which users on different servers can participate
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in the same room. For this to work, those other servers must be able to contact
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yours to send messages.
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The `server_name` configured in the Synapse configuration file (often
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`homeserver.yaml`) defines how resources (users, rooms, etc.) will be
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identified (eg: `@user:example.com`, `#room:example.com`). By default,
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it is also the domain that other servers will use to try to reach your
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server (via port 8448). This is easy to set up and will work provided
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you set the `server_name` to match your machine's public DNS hostname.
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For this default configuration to work, you will need to listen for TLS
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connections on port 8448. The preferred way to do that is by using a
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reverse proxy: see [reverse_proxy.md](<reverse_proxy.md>) for instructions
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on how to correctly set one up.
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In some cases you might not want to run Synapse on the machine that has
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the `server_name` as its public DNS hostname, or you might want federation
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traffic to use a different port than 8448. For example, you might want to
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have your user names look like `@user:example.com`, but you want to run
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Synapse on `synapse.example.com` on port 443. This can be done using
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delegation, which allows an admin to control where federation traffic should
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be sent. See [delegate.md](delegate.md) for instructions on how to set this up.
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Once federation has been configured, you should be able to join a room over
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federation. A good place to start is `#synapse:matrix.org` - a room for
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Synapse admins.
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## Troubleshooting
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You can use the [federation tester](https://matrix.org/federationtester)
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to check if your homeserver is configured correctly. Alternatively try the
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[JSON API used by the federation tester](https://matrix.org/federationtester/api/report?server_name=DOMAIN).
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Note that you'll have to modify this URL to replace `DOMAIN` with your
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`server_name`. Hitting the API directly provides extra detail.
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The typical failure mode for federation is that when the server tries to join
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a room, it is rejected with "401: Unauthorized". Generally this means that other
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servers in the room could not access yours. (Joining a room over federation is
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a complicated dance which requires connections in both directions).
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Another common problem is that people on other servers can't join rooms that
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you invite them to. This can be caused by an incorrectly-configured reverse
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proxy: see [reverse_proxy.md](<reverse_proxy.md>) for instructions on how to correctly
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configure a reverse proxy.
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### Known issues
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**HTTP `308 Permanent Redirect` redirects are not followed**: Due to missing features
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in the HTTP library used by Synapse, 308 redirects are currently not followed by
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federating servers, which can cause `M_UNKNOWN` or `401 Unauthorized` errors. This
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may affect users who are redirecting apex-to-www (e.g. `example.com` -> `www.example.com`),
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and especially users of the Kubernetes *Nginx Ingress* module, which uses 308 redirect
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codes by default. For those Kubernetes users, [this Stackoverflow post](https://stackoverflow.com/a/52617528/5096871)
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might be helpful. For other users, switching to a `301 Moved Permanently` code may be
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an option. 308 redirect codes will be supported properly in a future
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release of Synapse.
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## Running a demo federation of Synapses
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If you want to get up and running quickly with a trio of homeservers in a
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private federation, there is a script in the `demo` directory. This is mainly
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useful just for development purposes. See [demo/README](<../demo/README>).
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