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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Introduction</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="welcome_and_overview.html">Welcome and Overview</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Setup</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="setup/installation.html">Installation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="postgres.html">Using Postgres</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="reverse_proxy.html">Configuring a Reverse Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="setup/forward_proxy.html">Configuring a Forward/Outbound Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="turn-howto.html">Configuring a Turn Server</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="setup/turn/coturn.html">coturn TURN server</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="setup/turn/eturnal.html">eturnal TURN server</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="delegate.html">Delegation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Upgrading</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="upgrade.html">Upgrading between Synapse Versions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Usage</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="federate.html">Federation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html">Configuration Manual</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/homeserver_sample_config.html">Homeserver Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/logging_sample_config.html">Logging Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="structured_logging.html">Structured Logging</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="templates.html">Templates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/index.html">User Authentication</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/single_sign_on/index.html">Single-Sign On</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="openid.html">OpenID Connect</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/single_sign_on/saml.html">SAML</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/single_sign_on/cas.html">CAS</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="sso_mapping_providers.html">SSO Mapping Providers</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="password_auth_providers.html">Password Auth Providers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="jwt.html">JSON Web Tokens</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/configuration/user_authentication/refresh_tokens.html">Refresh Tokens</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="CAPTCHA_SETUP.html">Registration Captcha</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="application_services.html">Application Services</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="server_notices.html">Server Notices</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="consent_tracking.html">Consent Tracking</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="user_directory.html" class="active">User Directory</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="message_retention_policies.html">Message Retention Policies</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/index.html">Pluggable Modules</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="modules/writing_a_module.html">Writing a module</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li 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expanded "><a href="admin_api/event_reports.html">Event Reports</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/experimental_features.html">Experimental Features</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/media_admin_api.html">Media</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/purge_history_api.html">Purge History</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/register_api.html">Register Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage/administration/admin_api/registration_tokens.html">Registration Tokens</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/room_membership.html">Manipulate Room Membership</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/rooms.html">Rooms</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/server_notices.html">Server Notices</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="admin_api/statistics.html">Statistics</a></li><li 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<h1 id="user-directory-api-implementation"><a class="header" href="#user-directory-api-implementation">User Directory API Implementation</a></h1>
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<p>The user directory is maintained based on users that are 'visible' to the homeserver -
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i.e. ones which are local to the server and ones which any local user shares a
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room with.</p>
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<p>The directory info is stored in various tables, which can sometimes get out of
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sync (although this is considered a bug). If this happens, for now the
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solution to fix it is to use the <a href="usage/administration/admin_api/background_updates.html#run">admin API</a>
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and execute the job <code>regenerate_directory</code>. This should then start a background task to
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flush the current tables and regenerate the directory. Depending on the size
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of your homeserver (number of users and rooms) this can take a while.</p>
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<h2 id="data-model"><a class="header" href="#data-model">Data model</a></h2>
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<p>There are five relevant tables that collectively form the "user directory".
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Three of them track a list of all known users. The last two (collectively called
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the "search tables") track which users are visible to each other.</p>
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<p>From all of these tables we exclude three types of local user:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>support users</li>
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<li>appservice users</li>
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<li>deactivated users</li>
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</ul>
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<p>A description of each table follows:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><code>user_directory</code>. This contains the user ID, display name and avatar of each user.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Because there is only one directory entry per user, it is important that it
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only contain publicly visible information. Otherwise, this will leak the
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nickname or avatar used in a private room.</li>
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<li>Indexed on rooms. Indexed on users.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>user_directory_search</code>. To be joined to <code>user_directory</code>. It contains an extra
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column that enables full text search based on user IDs and display names.
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Different schemas for SQLite and Postgres are used.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Indexed on the full text search data. Indexed on users.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>user_directory_stream_pos</code>. When the initial background update to populate
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the directory is complete, we record a stream position here. This indicates
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that synapse should now listen for room changes and incrementally update
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the directory where necessary. (See <a href="development/synapse_architecture/streams.html">stream positions</a>.)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>users_in_public_rooms</code>. Contains associations between users and the public
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rooms they're in. Used to determine which users are in public rooms and should
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be publicly visible in the directory. Both local and remote users are tracked.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>users_who_share_private_rooms</code>. Rows are triples <code>(L, M, room id)</code> where <code>L</code>
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is a local user and <code>M</code> is a local or remote user. <code>L</code> and <code>M</code> should be
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different, but this isn't enforced by a constraint.</p>
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<p>Note that if two local users share a room then there will be two entries:
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<code>(user1, user2, !room_id)</code> and <code>(user2, user1, !room_id)</code>.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="configuration-options"><a class="header" href="#configuration-options">Configuration options</a></h2>
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<p>The exact way user search works can be tweaked via some server-level
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<a href="usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#user_directory">configuration options</a>.</p>
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<p>The information is not repeated here, but the options are mentioned below.</p>
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<h2 id="search-algorithm"><a class="header" href="#search-algorithm">Search algorithm</a></h2>
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<p>If <code>search_all_users</code> is <code>false</code>, then results are limited to users who:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Are found in the <code>users_in_public_rooms</code> table, or</li>
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<li>Are found in the <code>users_who_share_private_rooms</code> where <code>L</code> is the requesting
|
|
user and <code>M</code> is the search result.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>Otherwise, if <code>search_all_users</code> is <code>true</code>, no such limits are placed and all
|
|
users known to the server (matching the search query) will be returned.</p>
|
|
<p>By default, locked users are not returned. If <code>show_locked_users</code> is <code>true</code> then
|
|
no filtering on the locked status of a user is done.</p>
|
|
<p>The user provided search term is lowercased and normalized using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_equivalence#Normalization">NFKC</a>,
|
|
this treats the string as case-insensitive, canonicalizes different forms of the
|
|
same text, and maps some "roughly equivalent" characters together.</p>
|
|
<p>The search term is then split into words:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>If <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode">ICU</a> is
|
|
available, then the system's <a href="https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/locale/#default-locales">default locale</a>
|
|
will be used to break the search term into words. (See the
|
|
<a href="setup/installation.html">installation instructions</a> for how to install ICU.)</li>
|
|
<li>If unavailable, then runs of ASCII characters, numbers, underscores, and hyphens
|
|
are considered words.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>The queries for PostgreSQL and SQLite are detailed below, but their overall goal
|
|
is to find matching users, preferring users who are "real" (e.g. not bots,
|
|
not deactivated). It is assumed that real users will have a display name and
|
|
avatar set.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="postgresql"><a class="header" href="#postgresql">PostgreSQL</a></h3>
|
|
<p>The above words are then transformed into two queries:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>"exact" which matches the parsed words exactly (using <a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/textsearch-controls.html#TEXTSEARCH-PARSING-QUERIES"><code>to_tsquery</code></a>);</li>
|
|
<li>"prefix" which matches the parsed words as prefixes (using <code>to_tsquery</code>).</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>Results are composed of all rows in the <code>user_directory_search</code> table whose information
|
|
matches one (or both) of these queries. Results are ordered by calculating a weighted
|
|
score for each result, higher scores are returned first:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>4x if a user ID exists.</li>
|
|
<li>1.2x if the user has a display name set.</li>
|
|
<li>1.2x if the user has an avatar set.</li>
|
|
<li>0x-3x by the full text search results using the <a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/textsearch-controls.html#TEXTSEARCH-RANKING"><code>ts_rank_cd</code> function</a>
|
|
against the "exact" search query; this has four variables with the following weightings:
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><code>D</code>: 0.1 for the user ID's domain</li>
|
|
<li><code>C</code>: 0.1 for unused</li>
|
|
<li><code>B</code>: 0.9 for the user's display name (or an empty string if it is not set)</li>
|
|
<li><code>A</code>: 0.1 for the user ID's localpart</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>0x-1x by the full text search results using the <code>ts_rank_cd</code> function against the
|
|
"prefix" search query. (Using the same weightings as above.)</li>
|
|
<li>If <code>prefer_local_users</code> is <code>true</code>, then 2x if the user is local to the homeserver.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Note that <code>ts_rank_cd</code> returns a weight between 0 and 1. The initial weighting of
|
|
all results is 1.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="sqlite"><a class="header" href="#sqlite">SQLite</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Results are composed of all rows in the <code>user_directory_search</code> whose information
|
|
matches the query. Results are ordered by the following information, with each
|
|
subsequent column used as a tiebreaker, for each result:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>By the <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/windowfunctions.html#built_in_window_functions"><code>rank</code></a>
|
|
of the full text search results using the <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/fts3.html#matchinfo"><code>matchinfo</code> function</a>. Higher
|
|
ranks are returned first.</li>
|
|
<li>If <code>prefer_local_users</code> is <code>true</code>, then users local to the homeserver are
|
|
returned first.</li>
|
|
<li>Users with a display name set are returned first.</li>
|
|
<li>Users with an avatar set are returned first.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
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|
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