<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html lang="en" class="sidebar-visible no-js light"> <head> <!-- Book generated using mdBook --> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Installation - Synapse</title> <!-- Custom HTML head --> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" /> <link rel="icon" href="../favicon.svg"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/variables.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/general.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/chrome.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/print.css" media="print"> <!-- Fonts --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../fonts/fonts.css"> <!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../highlight.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../tomorrow-night.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../ayu-highlight.css"> <!-- Custom theme stylesheets --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../docs/website_files/table-of-contents.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../docs/website_files/remove-nav-buttons.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../docs/website_files/indent-section-headers.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../docs/website_files/version-picker.css"> </head> <body> <!-- Provide site root to javascript --> <script type="text/javascript"> var path_to_root = "../"; var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "navy" : "light"; </script> <!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes --> <script type="text/javascript"> try { var theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) { localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1)); } if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) { localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1)); } } catch (e) { } </script> <!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash --> <script type="text/javascript"> var theme; try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { } if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; } var html = document.querySelector('html'); html.classList.remove('no-js') html.classList.remove('light') html.classList.add(theme); html.classList.add('js'); </script> <!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed --> <script type="text/javascript"> var html = document.querySelector('html'); var sidebar = 'hidden'; if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) { try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { } sidebar = sidebar || 'visible'; } html.classList.remove('sidebar-visible'); html.classList.add("sidebar-" + sidebar); </script> <nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents"> <div class="sidebar-scrollbox"> <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Introduction</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../welcome_and_overview.html">Welcome and Overview</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Setup</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../setup/installation.html" class="active">Installation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../postgres.html">Using Postgres</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../reverse_proxy.html">Configuring a Reverse Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../setup/forward_proxy.html">Configuring a Forward/Outbound Proxy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../turn-howto.html">Configuring a Turn Server</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../setup/turn/coturn.html">coturn TURN server</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../setup/turn/eturnal.html">eturnal TURN server</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../delegate.html">Delegation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Upgrading</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../upgrade.html">Upgrading between Synapse Versions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Usage</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../federate.html">Federation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/config_documentation.html">Configuration Manual</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/homeserver_sample_config.html">Homeserver Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/logging_sample_config.html">Logging Sample Config File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../structured_logging.html">Structured Logging</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../templates.html">Templates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/user_authentication/index.html">User Authentication</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/user_authentication/single_sign_on/index.html">Single-Sign On</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../openid.html">OpenID Connect</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/user_authentication/single_sign_on/saml.html">SAML</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/user_authentication/single_sign_on/cas.html">CAS</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../sso_mapping_providers.html">SSO Mapping Providers</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../password_auth_providers.html">Password Auth Providers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../jwt.html">JSON Web Tokens</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/configuration/user_authentication/refresh_tokens.html">Refresh Tokens</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../CAPTCHA_SETUP.html">Registration Captcha</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../application_services.html">Application Services</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../server_notices.html">Server Notices</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../consent_tracking.html">Consent Tracking</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../user_directory.html">User Directory</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../message_retention_policies.html">Message Retention Policies</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules/index.html">Pluggable Modules</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules/writing_a_module.html">Writing a module</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules/spam_checker_callbacks.html">Spam checker callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules/third_party_rules_callbacks.html">Third-party rules callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules/presence_router_callbacks.html">Presence router callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules/account_validity_callbacks.html">Account validity callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules/password_auth_provider_callbacks.html">Password auth provider callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules/background_update_controller_callbacks.html">Background update controller callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules/account_data_callbacks.html">Account data callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules/add_extra_fields_to_client_events_unsigned.html">Add extra fields to client events unsigned section callbacks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../modules/porting_legacy_module.html">Porting a legacy module to the new interface</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../workers.html">Workers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../synctl_workers.html">Using synctl with Workers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../systemd-with-workers/index.html">Systemd</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/index.html">Administration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/backups.html">Backups</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/admin_api/index.html">Admin API</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/account_validity.html">Account Validity</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/admin_api/background_updates.html">Background Updates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/event_reports.html">Event Reports</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/experimental_features.html">Experimental Features</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/media_admin_api.html">Media</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/purge_history_api.html">Purge History</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/register_api.html">Register Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/admin_api/registration_tokens.html">Registration Tokens</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/room_membership.html">Manipulate Room Membership</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/rooms.html">Rooms</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/server_notices.html">Server Notices</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/statistics.html">Statistics</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/user_admin_api.html">Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../admin_api/version_api.html">Server Version</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/admin_api/federation.html">Federation</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../manhole.html">Manhole</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../metrics-howto.html">Monitoring</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/monitoring/reporting_homeserver_usage_statistics.html">Reporting Homeserver Usage Statistics</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/monthly_active_users.html">Monthly Active Users</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/understanding_synapse_through_grafana_graphs.html">Understanding Synapse Through Grafana Graphs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/useful_sql_for_admins.html">Useful SQL for Admins</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/database_maintenance_tools.html">Database Maintenance Tools</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/state_groups.html">State Groups</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/request_log.html">Request log format</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../usage/administration/admin_faq.html">Admin FAQ</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Scripts</div></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">Development</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/contributing_guide.html">Contributing Guide</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../code_style.html">Code Style</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/reviews.html">Reviewing Code</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/releases.html">Release Cycle</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/git.html">Git Usage</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Testing</div></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/demo.html">Demo scripts</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../opentracing.html">OpenTracing</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/database_schema.html">Database Schemas</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/experimental_features.html">Experimental features</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/dependencies.html">Dependency management</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Synapse Architecture</div></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/synapse_architecture/cancellation.html">Cancellation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../log_contexts.html">Log Contexts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../replication.html">Replication</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/synapse_architecture/streams.html">Streams</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tcp_replication.html">TCP Replication</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/synapse_architecture/faster_joins.html">Faster remote joins</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/internal_documentation/index.html">Internal Documentation</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Single Sign-On</div></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/saml.html">SAML</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/cas.html">CAS</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/room-dag-concepts.html">Room DAG concepts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>State Resolution</div></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../auth_chain_difference_algorithm.html">The Auth Chain Difference Algorithm</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../media_repository.html">Media Repository</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../room_and_user_statistics.html">Room and User Statistics</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><div>Scripts</div></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Other</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../deprecation_policy.html">Dependency Deprecation Policy</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../other/running_synapse_on_single_board_computers.html">Running Synapse on a Single-Board Computer</a></li></ol> </div> <div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"></div> </nav> <div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper"> <div class="page"> <div id="menu-bar-hover-placeholder"></div> <div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar sticky bordered"> <div class="left-buttons"> <button 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It also determines how other matrix servers will reach yours for federation.</p> <p>For a test configuration, set this to the hostname of your server. For a more production-ready setup, you will probably want to specify your domain (<code>example.com</code>) rather than a matrix-specific hostname here (in the same way that your email address is probably <code>user@example.com</code> rather than <code>user@email.example.com</code>) - but doing so may require more advanced setup: see <a href="../federate.html">Setting up Federation</a>.</p> <h2 id="installing-synapse"><a class="header" href="#installing-synapse">Installing Synapse</a></h2> <h3 id="prebuilt-packages"><a class="header" href="#prebuilt-packages">Prebuilt packages</a></h3> <p>Prebuilt packages are available for a number of platforms. These are recommended for most users.</p> <h4 id="docker-images-and-ansible-playbooks"><a class="header" href="#docker-images-and-ansible-playbooks">Docker images and Ansible playbooks</a></h4> <p>There is an official synapse image available at <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/matrixdotorg/synapse">https://hub.docker.com/r/matrixdotorg/synapse</a> or at <a href="https://ghcr.io/element-hq/synapse"><code>ghcr.io/element-hq/synapse</code></a> which can be used with the docker-compose file available at <a href="https://github.com/element-hq/synapse/tree/develop/contrib/docker">contrib/docker</a>. Further information on this including configuration options is available in the README on hub.docker.com.</p> <p>Alternatively, Andreas Peters (previously Silvio Fricke) has contributed a Dockerfile to automate a synapse server in a single Docker image, at <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/avhost/docker-matrix/tags/">https://hub.docker.com/r/avhost/docker-matrix/tags/</a></p> <p>Slavi Pantaleev has created an Ansible playbook, which installs the official Docker image of Matrix Synapse along with many other Matrix-related services (Postgres database, Element, coturn, ma1sd, SSL support, etc.). For more details, see <a href="https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy">https://github.com/spantaleev/matrix-docker-ansible-deploy</a></p> <h4 id="debianubuntu"><a class="header" href="#debianubuntu">Debian/Ubuntu</a></h4> <h5 id="matrixorg-packages"><a class="header" href="#matrixorg-packages">Matrix.org packages</a></h5> <p>Matrix.org provides Debian/Ubuntu packages of Synapse, for the amd64 architecture via <a href="https://packages.matrix.org/debian/">https://packages.matrix.org/debian/</a>.</p> <p>To install the latest release:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo apt install -y lsb-release wget apt-transport-https sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.matrix.org/debian/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.matrix.org/debian/ $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/matrix-org.list sudo apt update sudo apt install matrix-synapse-py3 </code></pre> <p>Packages are also published for release candidates. To enable the prerelease channel, add <code>prerelease</code> to the <code>sources.list</code> line. For example:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.matrix.org/debian/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.matrix.org/debian/ $(lsb_release -cs) main prerelease" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/matrix-org.list sudo apt update sudo apt install matrix-synapse-py3 </code></pre> <p>The fingerprint of the repository signing key (as shown by <code>gpg /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg</code>) is <code>AAF9AE843A7584B5A3E4CD2BCF45A512DE2DA058</code>.</p> <p>When installing with Debian packages, you might prefer to place files in <code>/etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/</code> to override your configuration without editing the main configuration file at <code>/etc/matrix-synapse/homeserver.yaml</code>. By doing that, you won't be asked if you want to replace your configuration file when you upgrade the Debian package to a later version.</p> <h5 id="downstream-debian-packages"><a class="header" href="#downstream-debian-packages">Downstream Debian packages</a></h5> <p>Andrej Shadura maintains a <a href="https://packages.debian.org/sid/matrix-synapse"><code>matrix-synapse</code></a> package in the Debian repositories. For <code>bookworm</code> and <code>sid</code>, it can be installed simply with:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo apt install matrix-synapse </code></pre> <p>Synapse is also available in <code>bullseye-backports</code>. Please see the <a href="https://backports.debian.org/Instructions/">Debian documentation</a> for information on how to use backports.</p> <p><code>matrix-synapse</code> is no longer maintained for <code>buster</code> and older.</p> <h5 id="downstream-ubuntu-packages"><a class="header" href="#downstream-ubuntu-packages">Downstream Ubuntu packages</a></h5> <p>We do not recommend using the packages in the default Ubuntu repository at this time, as they are <a href="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/matrix-synapse/+bug/1848709">old and suffer from known security vulnerabilities</a>. The latest version of Synapse can be installed from <a href="#matrixorg-packages">our repository</a>.</p> <h4 id="fedora"><a class="header" href="#fedora">Fedora</a></h4> <p>Synapse is in the Fedora repositories as <a href="https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/matrix-synapse"><code>matrix-synapse</code></a>:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo dnf install matrix-synapse </code></pre> <p>Additionally, Oleg Girko provides Fedora RPMs at <a href="https://obs.infoserver.lv/project/monitor/matrix-synapse">https://obs.infoserver.lv/project/monitor/matrix-synapse</a></p> <h4 id="opensuse"><a class="header" href="#opensuse">OpenSUSE</a></h4> <p>Synapse is in the OpenSUSE repositories as <a href="https://software.opensuse.org/package/matrix-synapse"><code>matrix-synapse</code></a>:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo zypper install matrix-synapse </code></pre> <h4 id="suse-linux-enterprise-server"><a class="header" href="#suse-linux-enterprise-server">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a></h4> <p>Unofficial package are built for SLES 15 in the openSUSE:Backports:SLE-15 repository at <a href="https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/openSUSE:/Backports:/SLE-15/standard/">https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/openSUSE:/Backports:/SLE-15/standard/</a></p> <h4 id="archlinux"><a class="header" href="#archlinux">ArchLinux</a></h4> <p>The quickest way to get up and running with ArchLinux is probably with the package provided by ArchLinux <a href="https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/matrix-synapse/">https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/matrix-synapse/</a>, which should pull in most of the necessary dependencies.</p> <p>pip may be outdated (6.0.7-1 and needs to be upgraded to 6.0.8-1 ):</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo pip install --upgrade pip </code></pre> <p>If you encounter an error with lib bcrypt causing an Wrong ELF Class: ELFCLASS32 (x64 Systems), you may need to reinstall py-bcrypt to correctly compile it under the right architecture. (This should not be needed if installing under virtualenv):</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo pip uninstall py-bcrypt sudo pip install py-bcrypt </code></pre> <h4 id="alpine-linux"><a class="header" href="#alpine-linux">Alpine Linux</a></h4> <p>6543 maintains <a href="https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=synapse&branch=edge">Synapse packages for Alpine Linux</a> in the community repository. Install with:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo apk add synapse </code></pre> <h4 id="void-linux"><a class="header" href="#void-linux">Void Linux</a></h4> <p>Synapse can be found in the void repositories as <a href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/tree/master/srcpkgs/synapse">'synapse'</a>:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">xbps-install -Su xbps-install -S synapse </code></pre> <h4 id="freebsd"><a class="header" href="#freebsd">FreeBSD</a></h4> <p>Synapse can be installed via FreeBSD Ports or Packages contributed by Brendan Molloy from:</p> <ul> <li>Ports: <code>cd /usr/ports/net-im/py-matrix-synapse && make install clean</code></li> <li>Packages: <code>pkg install py38-matrix-synapse</code></li> </ul> <h4 id="openbsd"><a class="header" href="#openbsd">OpenBSD</a></h4> <p>As of OpenBSD 6.7 Synapse is available as a pre-compiled binary. The filesystem underlying the homeserver directory (defaults to <code>/var/synapse</code>) has to be mounted with <code>wxallowed</code> (cf. <code>mount(8)</code>), so creating a separate filesystem and mounting it to <code>/var/synapse</code> should be taken into consideration.</p> <p>Installing Synapse:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">doas pkg_add synapse </code></pre> <h4 id="nixos"><a class="header" href="#nixos">NixOS</a></h4> <p>Robin Lambertz has packaged Synapse for NixOS at: <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/matrix/synapse.nix">https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/matrix/synapse.nix</a></p> <h3 id="installing-as-a-python-module-from-pypi"><a class="header" href="#installing-as-a-python-module-from-pypi">Installing as a Python module from PyPI</a></h3> <p>It's also possible to install Synapse as a Python module from PyPI.</p> <p>When following this route please make sure that the <a href="#platform-specific-prerequisites">Platform-specific prerequisites</a> are already installed.</p> <p>System requirements:</p> <ul> <li>POSIX-compliant system (tested on Linux & OS X)</li> <li>Python 3.9 or later, up to Python 3.13.</li> <li>At least 1GB of free RAM if you want to join large public rooms like #matrix:matrix.org</li> </ul> <p>If building on an uncommon architecture for which pre-built wheels are unavailable, you will need to have a recent Rust compiler installed. The easiest way of installing the latest version is to use <a href="https://rustup.rs/">rustup</a>.</p> <p>To install the Synapse homeserver run:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">mkdir -p ~/synapse virtualenv -p python3 ~/synapse/env source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate pip install --upgrade pip pip install --upgrade setuptools pip install matrix-synapse </code></pre> <p>This will download Synapse from <a href="https://pypi.org/project/matrix-synapse">PyPI</a> and install it, along with the python libraries it uses, into a virtual environment under <code>~/synapse/env</code>. Feel free to pick a different directory if you prefer.</p> <p>This Synapse installation can then be later upgraded by using pip again with the update flag:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate pip install -U matrix-synapse </code></pre> <p>Before you can start Synapse, you will need to generate a configuration file. To do this, run (in your virtualenv, as before):</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">cd ~/synapse python -m synapse.app.homeserver \ --server-name my.domain.name \ --config-path homeserver.yaml \ --generate-config \ --report-stats=[yes|no] </code></pre> <p>... substituting an appropriate value for <code>--server-name</code> and choosing whether or not to report usage statistics (hostname, Synapse version, uptime, total users, etc.) to the developers via the <code>--report-stats</code> argument.</p> <p>This command will generate you a config file that you can then customise, but it will also generate a set of keys for you. These keys will allow your homeserver to identify itself to other homeservers, so don't lose or delete them. It would be wise to back them up somewhere safe. (If, for whatever reason, you do need to change your homeserver's keys, you may find that other homeservers have the old key cached. If you update the signing key, you should change the name of the key in the <code><server name>.signing.key</code> file (the second word) to something different. See the <a href="https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/latest.html#retrieving-server-keys">spec</a> for more information on key management).</p> <p>To actually run your new homeserver, pick a working directory for Synapse to run (e.g. <code>~/synapse</code>), and:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">cd ~/synapse source env/bin/activate synctl start </code></pre> <h4 id="platform-specific-prerequisites"><a class="header" href="#platform-specific-prerequisites">Platform-specific prerequisites</a></h4> <p>Synapse is written in Python but some of the libraries it uses are written in C. So before we can install Synapse itself we need a working C compiler and the header files for Python C extensions.</p> <h5 id="debianubunturaspbian"><a class="header" href="#debianubunturaspbian">Debian/Ubuntu/Raspbian</a></h5> <p>Installing prerequisites on Ubuntu or Debian:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo apt install build-essential python3-dev libffi-dev \ python3-pip python3-setuptools sqlite3 \ libssl-dev virtualenv libjpeg-dev libxslt1-dev libicu-dev </code></pre> <h5 id="archlinux-1"><a class="header" href="#archlinux-1">ArchLinux</a></h5> <p>Installing prerequisites on ArchLinux:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo pacman -S base-devel python python-pip \ python-setuptools python-virtualenv sqlite3 icu </code></pre> <h5 id="centosfedora"><a class="header" href="#centosfedora">CentOS/Fedora</a></h5> <p>Installing prerequisites on CentOS or Fedora Linux:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo dnf install libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel libzip-devel freetype-devel \ libwebp-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel libpq-devel \ python3-virtualenv libffi-devel openssl-devel python3-devel \ libicu-devel sudo dnf group install "Development Tools" </code></pre> <h5 id="red-hat-enterprise-linux--rocky-linux"><a class="header" href="#red-hat-enterprise-linux--rocky-linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Rocky Linux</a></h5> <p><em>Note: The term "RHEL" below refers to both Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Rocky Linux. The distributions are 1:1 binary compatible.</em></p> <p>It's recommended to use the latest Python versions.</p> <p>RHEL 8 in particular ships with Python 3.6 by default which is EOL and therefore no longer supported by Synapse. RHEL 9 ship with Python 3.9 which is still supported by the Python core team as of this writing. However, newer Python versions provide significant performance improvements and they're available in official distributions' repositories. Therefore it's recommended to use them.</p> <p>Python 3.11 and 3.12 are available for both RHEL 8 and 9.</p> <p>These commands should be run as root user.</p> <p>RHEL 8</p> <pre><code class="language-bash"># Enable PowerTools repository dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools </code></pre> <p>RHEL 9</p> <pre><code class="language-bash"># Enable CodeReady Linux Builder repository crb enable </code></pre> <p>Install new version of Python. You only need one of these:</p> <pre><code class="language-bash"># Python 3.11 dnf install python3.11 python3.11-devel </code></pre> <pre><code class="language-bash"># Python 3.12 dnf install python3.12 python3.12-devel </code></pre> <p>Finally, install common prerequisites</p> <pre><code class="language-bash">dnf install libicu libicu-devel libpq5 libpq5-devel lz4 pkgconf dnf group install "Development Tools" </code></pre> <h6 id="using-venv-module-instead-of-virtualenv-command"><a class="header" href="#using-venv-module-instead-of-virtualenv-command">Using venv module instead of virtualenv command</a></h6> <p>It's recommended to use Python venv module directly rather than the virtualenv command.</p> <ul> <li>On RHEL 9, virtualenv is only available on <a href="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/epel/">EPEL</a>.</li> <li>On RHEL 8, virtualenv is based on Python 3.6. It does not support creating 3.11/3.12 virtual environments.</li> </ul> <p>Here's an example of creating Python 3.12 virtual environment and installing Synapse from PyPI.</p> <pre><code class="language-bash">mkdir -p ~/synapse # To use Python 3.11, simply use the command "python3.11" instead. python3.12 -m venv ~/synapse/env source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate pip install --upgrade pip pip install --upgrade setuptools pip install matrix-synapse </code></pre> <h5 id="macos"><a class="header" href="#macos">macOS</a></h5> <p>Installing prerequisites on macOS:</p> <p>You may need to install the latest Xcode developer tools:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">xcode-select --install </code></pre> <p>Some extra dependencies may be needed. You can use Homebrew (https://brew.sh) for them.</p> <p>You may need to install icu, and make the icu binaries and libraries accessible. Please follow <a href="https://pypi.org/project/PyICU/">the official instructions of PyICU</a> to do so.</p> <p>If you're struggling to get icu discovered, and see:</p> <pre><code> RuntimeError: Please install pkg-config on your system or set the ICU_VERSION environment variable to the version of ICU you have installed. </code></pre> <p>despite it being installed and having your <code>PATH</code> updated, you can omit this dependency by not specifying <code>--extras all</code> to <code>poetry</code>. If using postgres, you can install Synapse via <code>poetry install --extras saml2 --extras oidc --extras postgres --extras opentracing --extras redis --extras sentry</code>. ICU is not a hard dependency on getting a working installation.</p> <p>On ARM-based Macs you may also need to install libjpeg and libpq:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh"> brew install jpeg libpq </code></pre> <p>On macOS Catalina (10.15) you may need to explicitly install OpenSSL via brew and inform <code>pip</code> about it so that <code>psycopg2</code> builds:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">brew install openssl@1.1 export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include" </code></pre> <h5 id="opensuse-1"><a class="header" href="#opensuse-1">OpenSUSE</a></h5> <p>Installing prerequisites on openSUSE:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">sudo zypper in -t pattern devel_basis sudo zypper in python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 python-virtualenv \ python-devel libffi-devel libopenssl-devel libjpeg62-devel \ libicu-devel </code></pre> <h5 id="openbsd-1"><a class="header" href="#openbsd-1">OpenBSD</a></h5> <p>A port of Synapse is available under <code>net/synapse</code>. The filesystem underlying the homeserver directory (defaults to <code>/var/synapse</code>) has to be mounted with <code>wxallowed</code> (cf. <code>mount(8)</code>), so creating a separate filesystem and mounting it to <code>/var/synapse</code> should be taken into consideration.</p> <p>To be able to build Synapse's dependency on python the <code>WRKOBJDIR</code> (cf. <code>bsd.port.mk(5)</code>) for building python, too, needs to be on a filesystem mounted with <code>wxallowed</code> (cf. <code>mount(8)</code>).</p> <p>Creating a <code>WRKOBJDIR</code> for building python under <code>/usr/local</code> (which on a default OpenBSD installation is mounted with <code>wxallowed</code>):</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">doas mkdir /usr/local/pobj_wxallowed </code></pre> <p>Assuming <code>PORTS_PRIVSEP=Yes</code> (cf. <code>bsd.port.mk(5)</code>) and <code>SUDO=doas</code> are configured in <code>/etc/mk.conf</code>:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">doas chown _pbuild:_pbuild /usr/local/pobj_wxallowed </code></pre> <p>Setting the <code>WRKOBJDIR</code> for building python:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">echo WRKOBJDIR_lang/python/3.7=/usr/local/pobj_wxallowed \\nWRKOBJDIR_lang/python/2.7=/usr/local/pobj_wxallowed >> /etc/mk.conf </code></pre> <p>Building Synapse:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">cd /usr/ports/net/synapse make install </code></pre> <h5 id="windows"><a class="header" href="#windows">Windows</a></h5> <p>Running Synapse natively on Windows is not officially supported.</p> <p>If you wish to run or develop Synapse on Windows, the Windows Subsystem for Linux provides a Linux environment which is capable of using the Debian, Fedora, or source installation methods. More information about WSL can be found at <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install</a> for Windows 10/11 and <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-on-server">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-on-server</a> for Windows Server.</p> <h2 id="setting-up-synapse"><a class="header" href="#setting-up-synapse">Setting up Synapse</a></h2> <p>Once you have installed synapse as above, you will need to configure it.</p> <h3 id="using-postgresql"><a class="header" href="#using-postgresql">Using PostgreSQL</a></h3> <p>By default Synapse uses an <a href="https://sqlite.org/">SQLite</a> database and in doing so trades performance for convenience. Almost all installations should opt to use <a href="https://www.postgresql.org">PostgreSQL</a> instead. Advantages include:</p> <ul> <li>significant performance improvements due to the superior threading and caching model, smarter query optimiser</li> <li>allowing the DB to be run on separate hardware</li> </ul> <p>For information on how to install and use PostgreSQL in Synapse, please see <a href="../postgres.html">Using Postgres</a></p> <p>SQLite is only acceptable for testing purposes. SQLite should not be used in a production server. Synapse will perform poorly when using SQLite, especially when participating in large rooms.</p> <h3 id="tls-certificates"><a class="header" href="#tls-certificates">TLS certificates</a></h3> <p>The default configuration exposes a single HTTP port on the local interface: <code>http://localhost:8008</code>. It is suitable for local testing, but for any practical use, you will need Synapse's APIs to be served over HTTPS.</p> <p>The recommended way to do so is to set up a reverse proxy on port <code>8448</code>. You can find documentation on doing so in <a href="../reverse_proxy.html">the reverse proxy documentation</a>.</p> <p>Alternatively, you can configure Synapse to expose an HTTPS port. To do so, you will need to edit <code>homeserver.yaml</code>, as follows:</p> <ul> <li>First, under the <code>listeners</code> option, add the configuration for the TLS-enabled listener like so:</li> </ul> <pre><code class="language-yaml">listeners: - port: 8448 type: http tls: true resources: - names: [client, federation] </code></pre> <ul> <li> <p>You will also need to add the options <code>tls_certificate_path</code> and <code>tls_private_key_path</code>. to your configuration file. You will need to manage provisioning of these certificates yourself.</p> </li> <li> <p>You can find more information about these options as well as how to configure synapse in the <a href="../usage/configuration/config_documentation.html">configuration manual</a>.</p> <p>If you are using your own certificate, be sure to use a <code>.pem</code> file that includes the full certificate chain including any intermediate certificates (for instance, if using certbot, use <code>fullchain.pem</code> as your certificate, not <code>cert.pem</code>).</p> </li> </ul> <p>For a more detailed guide to configuring your server for federation, see <a href="../federate.html">Federation</a>.</p> <h3 id="client-well-known-uri"><a class="header" href="#client-well-known-uri">Client Well-Known URI</a></h3> <p>Setting up the client Well-Known URI is optional but if you set it up, it will allow users to enter their full username (e.g. <code>@user:<server_name></code>) into clients which support well-known lookup to automatically configure the homeserver and identity server URLs. This is useful so that users don't have to memorize or think about the actual homeserver URL you are using.</p> <p>The URL <code>https://<server_name>/.well-known/matrix/client</code> should return JSON in the following format.</p> <pre><code class="language-json">{ "m.homeserver": { "base_url": "https://<matrix.example.com>" } } </code></pre> <p>It can optionally contain identity server information as well.</p> <pre><code class="language-json">{ "m.homeserver": { "base_url": "https://<matrix.example.com>" }, "m.identity_server": { "base_url": "https://<identity.example.com>" } } </code></pre> <p>To work in browser based clients, the file must be served with the appropriate Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) headers. A recommended value would be <code>Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *</code> which would allow all browser based clients to view it.</p> <p>In nginx this would be something like:</p> <pre><code class="language-nginx">location /.well-known/matrix/client { return 200 '{"m.homeserver": {"base_url": "https://<matrix.example.com>"}}'; default_type application/json; add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *; } </code></pre> <p>You should also ensure the <code>public_baseurl</code> option in <code>homeserver.yaml</code> is set correctly. <code>public_baseurl</code> should be set to the URL that clients will use to connect to your server. This is the same URL you put for the <code>m.homeserver</code> <code>base_url</code> above.</p> <pre><code class="language-yaml">public_baseurl: "https://<matrix.example.com>" </code></pre> <h3 id="email"><a class="header" href="#email">Email</a></h3> <p>It is desirable for Synapse to have the capability to send email. This allows Synapse to send password reset emails, send verifications when an email address is added to a user's account, and send email notifications to users when they receive new messages.</p> <p>To configure an SMTP server for Synapse, modify the configuration section headed <code>email</code>, and be sure to have at least the <code>smtp_host</code>, <code>smtp_port</code> and <code>notif_from</code> fields filled out. You may also need to set <code>smtp_user</code>, <code>smtp_pass</code>, and <code>require_transport_security</code>.</p> <p>If email is not configured, password reset, registration and notifications via email will be disabled.</p> <h3 id="registering-a-user"><a class="header" href="#registering-a-user">Registering a user</a></h3> <p>One way to create a new user is to do so from a client like <a href="https://element.io/">Element</a>. This requires registration to be enabled via the <a href="../usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#enable_registration"><code>enable_registration</code></a> setting.</p> <p>Alternatively, you can create new users from the command line. This can be done as follows:</p> <ol> <li>If synapse was installed via pip, activate the virtualenv as follows (if Synapse was installed via a prebuilt package, <code>register_new_matrix_user</code> should already be on the search path): <pre><code class="language-sh">cd ~/synapse source env/bin/activate synctl start # if not already running </code></pre> </li> <li>Run the following command: <pre><code class="language-sh">register_new_matrix_user -c homeserver.yaml </code></pre> </li> </ol> <p>This will prompt you to add details for the new user, and will then connect to the running Synapse to create the new user. For example:</p> <pre><code>New user localpart: erikj Password: Confirm password: Make admin [no]: Success! </code></pre> <p>This process uses a setting <a href="../usage/configuration/config_documentation.html#registration_shared_secret"><code>registration_shared_secret</code></a>, which is shared between Synapse itself and the <code>register_new_matrix_user</code> script. It doesn't matter what it is (a random value is generated by <code>--generate-config</code>), but it should be kept secret, as anyone with knowledge of it can register users, including admin accounts, on your server even if <code>enable_registration</code> is <code>false</code>.</p> <h3 id="setting-up-a-turn-server"><a class="header" href="#setting-up-a-turn-server">Setting up a TURN server</a></h3> <p>For reliable VoIP calls to be routed via this homeserver, you MUST configure a TURN server. See <a href="../turn-howto.html">TURN setup</a> for details.</p> <h3 id="url-previews"><a class="header" href="#url-previews">URL previews</a></h3> <p>Synapse includes support for previewing URLs, which is disabled by default. To turn it on you must enable the <code>url_preview_enabled: True</code> config parameter and explicitly specify the IP ranges that Synapse is not allowed to spider for previewing in the <code>url_preview_ip_range_blacklist</code> configuration parameter. This is critical from a security perspective to stop arbitrary Matrix users spidering 'internal' URLs on your network. At the very least we recommend that your loopback and RFC1918 IP addresses are blacklisted.</p> <p>This also requires the optional <code>lxml</code> python dependency to be installed. This in turn requires the <code>libxml2</code> library to be available - on Debian/Ubuntu this means <code>apt-get install libxml2-dev</code>, or equivalent for your OS.</p> <h3 id="backups"><a class="header" href="#backups">Backups</a></h3> <p>Don't forget to take <a href="../usage/administration/backups.html">backups</a> of your new server!</p> <h3 id="troubleshooting-installation"><a class="header" href="#troubleshooting-installation">Troubleshooting Installation</a></h3> <p><code>pip</code> seems to leak <em>lots</em> of memory during installation. For instance, a Linux host with 512MB of RAM may run out of memory whilst installing Twisted. If this happens, you will have to individually install the dependencies which are failing, e.g.:</p> <pre><code class="language-sh">pip install twisted </code></pre> <p>If you have any other problems, feel free to ask in <a href="https://matrix.to/#/#synapse:matrix.org">#synapse:matrix.org</a>.</p> </main> <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> <!-- Mobile navigation buttons --> <a rel="prev" href="../welcome_and_overview.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> </a> <a rel="next" href="../postgres.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </a> <div style="clear: both"></div> </nav> </div> </div> <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> <a rel="prev" href="../welcome_and_overview.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> </a> <a rel="next" href="../postgres.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </nav> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.playground_copyable = true; </script> <script src="../elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="../mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="../searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="../clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="../highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="../book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <!-- Custom JS scripts --> <script type="text/javascript" src="../docs/website_files/table-of-contents.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../docs/website_files/version-picker.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../docs/website_files/version.js"></script> </body> </html>