There is a bug with the `StreamChangeCache` where it would incorrectly
return that all entities had changed if asked for entities changed
*since* the earliest stream position.
When there have been lots of changes compared with the number of
entities, we can do a fast(er) path.
Locally I ran some benchmarking, and the comparison seems to give the
best determination of which method we use.
An empty cache does not mean the entity has no changed, if
it is earlier than the earliest known stream position return that
the entity *has* changed since the cache cannot accurately
answer that query.
The internal methods of the StreamChangeCache were inconsistently
treating the earliest known stream position as valid. It is now treated as
invalid, meaning the cache cannot determine if an entity at the earliest
known stream position has changed or not.
- Update black version to the latest
- Run black auto formatting over the codebase
- Run autoformatting according to [`docs/code_style.md
`](80d6dc9783/docs/code_style.md)
- Update `code_style.md` docs around installing black to use the correct version
First some background: StreamChangeCache is used to keep track of what "entities" have
changed since a given stream ID. So for example, we might use it to keep track of when the last
to-device message for a given user was received [1], and hence whether we need to pull any to-device messages from the database on a sync [2].
Now, it turns out that StreamChangeCache didn't support more than one thing being changed at
a given stream_id (this was part of the problem with #7206). However, it's entirely valid to send
to-device messages to more than one user at a time.
As it turns out, this did in fact work, because *some* methods of StreamChangeCache coped
ok with having multiple things changing on the same stream ID, and it seems we never actually
use the methods which don't work on the stream change caches where we allow multiple
changes at the same stream ID. But that feels horribly fragile, hence: let's update
StreamChangeCache to properly support this, and add some typing and some more tests while
we're at it.
[1]: https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/release-v1.12.3/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py#L301
[2]: https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/release-v1.12.3/synapse/storage/data_stores/main/deviceinbox.py#L47-L51
